Blackjack basic strategy chart pdf. Use the pdfFiller mobile app to complete your blackjack basic strategy chart pdf form on an Android device. Blackjack basic strategy chart pdf

 
 Use the pdfFiller mobile app to complete your blackjack basic strategy chart pdf form on an Android deviceBlackjack basic strategy chart pdf  On top of the blackjack strategy charts above, here are a few additional rules to remember: Surrender if you have a 16 and the dealer is showing a 10

Before you begin using these charts, make sure that you are playing in a multi deck blackjack game. Thorp introduced a calculated method for winning at blackjack. Land-based and live casinos can do this by including extra decks. This chart measures the cells where people make the highest percentage of mistakes. Basic blackjack strategy. In turn, however, the casino can reduce a player’s odds. This means that for every $100 that the player is betting, the house expects a win of $0. If you’re going to be playing blackjack seriously, then you must learn the 6-deck basic blackjack strategy chart. comBlackjack strategy chart basic decks card pdf dealer 17s stands sided amazon flip kasino rahaa relatedBlackjack strategy charts chart decks tips s17 four deck guide ndas insider playing single 888casino Blackjack basic newcasinos reproduce winningStrategy chart blackjack printable pdf basic deck sheet cheat single kasino rahaa. I understand there are different variations depending on rules, but I don't want to memorize every single variation/chart. It is followed by lower paying hands and partial hands in order of decreasing return. Try again! Details . When losing, you should keep betting one unit at a time, trying to recuperate your losses steadily. Everyone wants to beat the casino. The concepts, paramaters and probabilities behind the basic strategy in blackjack. Failing that, you can always have a chart handy at the games table. 4 - hit if 7s in same suits is possible. Hit 12 vs 4 at -1 or lower. By Henry Tamburin Ph. Here are a couple of rules to follow regarding basic strategy for single-deck blackjack: Do not opt for the insurance bet as it raises the house edge to a high 5. Subject. Blackjack pays 6 to 5. 50. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. Blackjack pays 3 to 2. For the purpose of this test, we are going to use common rules which are: 6 Decks. Close call is 10-4-2 (stand in a six-deck shoe but hit in an 8-deck shoe). Enter the book Additional Info Chapter One — Sample REKO Charts. There is definitely a benefit when blackjack players use basic strategy. Blackjack basic strategy blank chart | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. Before we get into the details of a basic strategy, it's important that we know the odds. Every blackjack player should learn or at least have handy a ‘6 deck basic strategy chart’. But they tell you to memorize the chart for the most common 6 deck game. Blackjack basic strategy Now, let’s take a look at how to use that blackjack basic strategy calculator [download link]. 50%. Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks. Don. Ds - Double if possible, otherwise stand. “A significant contribution to the literature of blackjack . Printable blackjack strategy chart pdf | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. As the strategy recommends only the best decisions from a mathematical point of view, the blackjack strategy chart is the table that contains all the solutions recommended by blackjack basic strategy. The numerical value of each face card|jack, queen, and king|is ten. The Blackjack basic strategy chart is one of the most essential things for any blackjack player. The full strategy explained in a 1-minute videoA basic strategy involves: looking at the cards you hold. Pin on betting Blackjack hit stand double down guide quick split pdf cards kjartan Blackjack chart hit stand strategy dealer soft stands deck where charts multi ll below find. Along the top are listed the 10 possible up-cards the dealer has, and along the left side are the possible totals the player might have. Resplit aces. On the S17 chart, they have A,7 vs. Last updated: August 13, 2019 On this page 4-Deck to 8-Deck Blackjack Strategy Introduction To use the basic strategy, look up your hand along the left vertical edge and the dealer's up card along the top. Basic Blackjack strategy is a set of rules for different types of hands, which advise when to hit, stand, split or double down to maximize your chances of winning. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have a blackjackWhat is known as a basic strategy is a chart that shows you whether you are advised to hit, stand, double down or split under certain circumstances. Here are the full rules of the game. Other basic strategy rules. It’s a specific course of action based on the cards that you’re dealt and the dealer’s up card. SP. For instance, when players use this technique, the house edge is lowered to 0. Blackjack ‘basic strategy’ isn’t just an abstract concept of strategic tips for beginners. men, better known as the Four Horsemen of Aberdeen, were the first to work out. Blackjack basic strategy chart | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. The house edge for 6:5 double deck blackjack can reach. Blackjack deck single strategy basic dealer beat double bj lifesmith . If you find this chart too easy, consider the Simple strategy described in the BlackjackCalculation. That means you win $300 for every $200 bet at 3:2, or $200 for every $100 bet at 2:1. Win - the player wins as much as he bet. Referring back to beginning blackjack you know that the house gains its edge by the fact that the player must act first. With the Blackjack Apprenticeship Membership, we’ve integrated our expertise with invaluable tools that guide you to a successful blackjack career. Cards received down are typically referred to as \hole" cards. 6 we see +4. If you bet $10, you win $10 from the dealer (plus you keep your original bet, of course. Then locate your total in the first vertical row of the table. A player's action in a single-deck blackjack game when dealt the following pairs should be: 2-2: Split if the dealer shows 3-7, or else Hit. S17 DAS; H17 DAS; S17. This means that for every $100 that the player is betting, the house expects a win of $0. According to Spanish 21 rules, you can use. com. As long as you have anything worse than 17, think about hitting. They tell you what to do given the value of your hand (left column) and the card the dealer is showing (right two columns). The hand with the highest average return goes at the top of the strategy chart. On the chart, you will notice that there are sections that show all the possible hands you might be dealt. An example of a basic strategy chart below is for a standard blackjack game with 4-8 decks, where the dealer stands on soft 17, doubling after splitting is allowed, surrending is allowed and the dealer peeks for blackjack. #10. This is just not true. Want to try out these blackjack strategies? Playing free online blackjack is a great way to test them out. Now, let's see what the basic strategy looks like if the player is only limited to hitting and standing which is the case with three or more cards. . The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. If your 16 contains a 6 it’s usually a hit except 6-5-5. That means you win $300 for every $200 bet at 3:2, or $200 for every $100 bet at 2:1. It is so simple to learn, yet so powerful that it has been called "the ultimate blackjack strategy. The game really took a beating during Covid, with a lot of smaller places getting rid of it completely. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have a blackjackBlackjack basic strategy chart pdf | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. Getting a total hand value of 21 is a blackjack, and you automatically win. It’s a common opinion that risking losing your initial bet is more profitable than defending it against a dealer who could hit the blackjack. Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 1 Deck, Dealer Stands on All 17s Kenneth R Smith pdf free. 50%. Blackjack strategy basic chart deck odds 21b kasino charts casino spela bonus spel. Russia started a war of conquest not only against Ukraine and its civilian people, but also against democratic values, human rights and freedoms! Together with you, we can have a direct impact on the ongoing events, and help the fearless and strong people of Ukraine with. Once both the player’s and dealer’s cards have been dealt, the game begins. The problem that beginning Spanish 21 players run into is using a regular blackjack strategy chart on this game. 50. Blackjack may be played with one to eight decks of 52-card decks. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. Shop. Please note that this can a long-term average, not the likely result of session!With a bet size of $10, this is not. The point of Oscar's blackjack betting strategy is to try and win one betting unit at a time. This video is a supplement to "Blackjack Basic Strategy for Infinite Decks" and "Blackjack House Edge with Infinite Decks," two videos by the Wizard of Odds,. In the good old days when single deck was plentiful and rules were great, these non-counting strategies could actually give the. Clearly. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. . BLANK STRATEGY CHART. Following are the do-it-yourself charts discussed on page 76 of the book. Check the table’s blackjack rules. Once you know the basics, it’s time to learn more. Blackjack basic strategy | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. You should be able to effortlessly run thru the chart. They erred on A7v2, which is stand for S17 (double for H17). This guide provides the essential double deck basic strategy charts and pro tips to memorize. Ph - Split if allowed to split after double, otherwise hit. For example, you should always hit if you have a total of 14 and the dealer. It's also a good strategy that serious players can give to their non-serious companions to use. Look at the top line and find there a dealer’s card value. 50%. 8 Deck Blackjack Basic strategy Charts. Blackjack uses a standard deck of 52 cards, but it Introduction. When Blackjack was rst introduced, a typical game was played with one deck, however this made it easy for players to count cards (or keep track of which cards remain in the deck) to help them decide whether to hit or stand in order to win [4]. 5 % = $7. S17 deviations - I'm not even reviewing the index numbers. In case you’re not a visual learner these simple phrases might help you commit these rules to memory. If the dealer has less than 21, you win. To be a winning player takes 100% accuracy. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have aBelow are some basic principles you should follow while playing blackjack: Always hit on a hand of 11 or less. Basic Strategy Decision Chart – This is the Basic Strategy condensed into easy to remember rules for each player’s hand, using these rules (as specified in Lesson 1): 6 Decks,S17, DA2, DAS, no. 15: House edge using total-dependent vs. The players and dealer each receive two cards each, the dealer's one up and one down, the players both down. Plus, some rules are good for you (dealer stands on. up to. Subtitled, How to Win at Gambling. Basic strategy suggests never to split a pair of Fives. Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 1 Deck,. 1 – Get the Proper Spanish 21 Strategy Chart. You can treat this as a basic blackjack strategy that will work for your 4-deck and 8-deck games, driving some decent results your way. Take Down Double Deck Games with These Charts. Even though the blackjack basic strategy cannot guarantee you will win all the time, it will help you maximize your profits in the long run. These rules. Enter the book Additional Info Chapter One — Sample REKO Charts. It’s a specific course of action based on the cards that you’re dealt and the dealer’s up card. com main page. The cell where these meet will show you what action you need to take. dealer's up card. What is known as a basic strategy is a. A blackjack cheat sheet is very similar to the basic blackjack strategy charts that you find for sale in many live casino gift shops. If you apply their basic strategy to any. 4. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have aan idea of the probability of winning any particular bet when playing some specific strategy. This strategy, however, must be used every time you play. Therefore, we created a Blackjack Cheat Sheet PDF with the Basic Strategy Chart for single-deck blackjack. BLACKJACK STRATEGIES. 4-4: Split if the dealer shows 4-6, or else Hit. com ­5­ Double Deck Memo • The Effect of Card Removal is far more dramatic in Double Deck Blackjack games versus Six Deck Games. Dec 16, - Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 4/6/8 Decks, Dealer Hits Soft 17 [Kenneth R Smith] on todayswertresresult. The SlotsSpot team supports the people of Ukraine. (And also into the index numbers that counters use to deviate from basic strategy. The first two sections (hard and soft) tell you how you should play that hand against the dealer’s upcard, the pairs section tells you whether or not to split your hand against the dealer’s. For instance, dealer’s got 7 against your 14. Blackjack basic strategy chart pdf | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. Tips on if the dealer must hit on soft 17. Just download the biloxi ms casino age 6 Deck Blackjack Strategy Chart PDF to your computer. From top to bottom are the hard totals, soft totals, and splittable hands. To find which move to make, follow the x-axis, or 'player's cards' until you find your hand value. The star casino monopoly economics. Using the tables, find your hand total on the left, and the dealer’s up card along the top. There is definitely a benefit when blackjack players use basic strategy. pdf), Text File (. To use the basic strategy, look up your hand along the left vertical edge and the dealer's up card along the top. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have a blackjack has made the game. ) Indexes are used to make better playing decisions based. Printable phlebotomy tubes and tests chartBlood tube color chart guide pdf form Pin on medical school. Blackjack ‘basic strategy’ isn’t just an abstract concept of strategic tips for beginners. A basic strategy chart will always recommend splitting these hands because your chances of hitting blackjack (21) significantly increase. Numerical value of the cards. Split a pair of 2s, 3s, 6s, 7s, or 9s vs. 1 Single-Deck Blackjack Game The accurate basic playing strategy for a single-deck game contained in color-coded blackjack charts and white tables, for different rules. When playing any game of chance, the player’s goal is to create his own winning strategy for that game. Web blackjack strategy charts (click on the links below to jump to specific strategy chart): Web if you prefer a printed version of the. You can only learn so much from reading from a book. Except, a "blackjack" is the highest hand. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have aStick to the strategy. Some people have even made a spreadsheet-like chart that helps you quickly analyze the best move to make based on your current hand. When learning these numbers and short phrases, the objective is to be able to quickly recall the rule in your brain when you see the total of your cards. Generally, there are a few rules of thumb to follow: Stand on soft 20 or 21; Never split 10's or 5's ; Always. Stand with a hand of hard 17 and above. However, if the player is simply relying on his/her guts and plays without using a strategy, the. Stand on 17 and above. 50%. Super-Easy Basic Strategy The Super-Easy basic strategy is for anyone who would like to try playing blackjack for fun, for a few hours or a weekend at low stakes, without spending a lot of time studying and memorizing. Order it. The way they change rules affects the. Blackjack charts that give the perfect play every time. Hit on 8 or below. 24% and 2. For instance, when players use this technique, the house edge is lowered to 0. 4. The Wizard of Odds. There is definitely a benefit when blackjack players use basic strategy. In Stock. It is not necessary in using regular basic strategy (there is an alternative move in the key e. Basic Strategy: The basic strategy is a set of guidelines that tell players what to do based on their hand and the dealer’s up-card. Whenever the count is greater than or equal to 0 the player would vary from basic strategy and stand. If the strategy says to double but you’re not allowed, then hit, except you should stand with a soft 18. One always hits lower value hands and always stands on 18-20. Following are the do-it-yourself charts discussed on page 76 of the book. There is definitely a benefit when blackjack players use basic strategy. Dealer stands on soft 17. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. Basic Strategy is the first step to beating. The basic strategy chart displays the recommended move for every possible combination of player hand and. The fully responsive simulator can be accessed from a desktop or most modern mobile devices, which effectively means – if you have an internet connection – you’ll be able to learn anywhere. The answer is simple with the strategy card. In his 1960s book Beat the Dealer, Edward O. Step 4. Always double down on a hard 11. composition-dependent basic strategy; 16: Basic strategy when dealer exposes both cards; 17: The Ace-Five card counting method; 18: Basic strategy exceptions for three to six cards; 19: Blackjack splitting strategy when a back-player is betting; 20: Blackjack doubling strategy when. The 21+3 side bet first appeared on the blackjack tables of the Las Vegas Hilton back in 2001. Blackjack Training Simulator Practice Optimal Strategy. the necessary calculations to create an almost flawless blackjack strategy. Blackjack strategy chart pdf | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. The object here is to write in the rule for each hand and then check for accuracy. This is often. Reading Blackjack Charts – Strategies & Guides. Yahoo! Blackjack - Follow Basic Strategy. In early surrender blackjack, you have the option to toss your cards away if the dealer shows an ace or a ten, and before the dealer checks if he has blackjack. If the dealer has a 10 or Ace, your best bet is to hit. T, the Hyland, and the Church. For blackjack hard hands, below are the following useful strategies to take. There are two charts depending on whether the dealer hits or stands on soft 17. They have other -1 indices. Basic Strategy is the first thing you need to know before you can start beating. If you bet more than $25 a hand, you’re savings will be proportionally larger. Do not take insurance. With blackjack practice you can easily remember the rules without. Here is a short list of the side bets: Insurance – insurance against “Blackjack” if the dealer has an ace with its face up. Basic Strategy. Playing a single-deck game would be best, while an eight-deck game would be worst. Our basic strategy test covers things like – how to play your hand with specific dealer up-cards, single versus double versus multi-deck games, standing, hitting, doubling, splitting, insurance, surrender and a couple of odd questions. The blackjack chart is your strategy guide. By modifying their fundamental approach as needed and using the card counting system’s essential information, players will be able to optimize every hand . You can only learn so much from reading from a book. I am just a casual player that wants to to go vegas once a year and play $200-300 for fun. Note: This blackjack strategy chart is for a 6-deck shoe game, and the dealer hits any Soft 17. These show you what decisions to make based on your total and the dealer’s upcard. 8 decks. The basic blackjack strategy is the first key to reducing the casino’s odds and winning in blackjack. Keep a running count with each card the. Suppose you are playing a S17, DAS game and you are dealt 10-6 and the dealer shows a 10 upcard. To find which move to make, follow the x-axis, or 'player's cards' until you find your hand value. Using base plan will usually lower the house edge down to just . Basic Strategy in 21 Statements:Basic Strategy Chart:Illustrious 18. His strategy will in some cases change as the hand unfolds. This blackjack cheat sheet is a simple chart which suggests the various different types of actions you can take when playing this game. 16% disadvantage when playing the basic strategy. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have a blackjack hasBlackjack basic strategy chart | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. If. 50%. Blackjack Cheat Sheet: Printable Blackjack PDF Chart. In a blackjack game, the goal is to beat the dealer’s hand without exceeding the value of 21. If you see a sign on the table that says "Blackjack Pays 6:5," keep walking and find another table. 50%. Blackjack basic strategy chart 2 deck | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. Dealer hits soft 17, Blackjack pays 6 to 5, 2-8 decks. This way you will be able to tilt the scales in your favour and benefit from the best possible odds. Tip #4 Don’t Take Insurance in the Basic Strategy Play. Kindly note that this a a long-term average, not the likely earnings of session!With a bet size of $10, i is not uncommon. You need to make sure you have the correct 6 deck strategy basic strategy chart as there are 4 different charts. 2:1 is a better payout. H17 deviations - Again, they missed 17vA and the surrender of 15vA. There have been a few PDF sheets outlining the different strategies you can play in blackjack throughout this page. Using The Basic Blackjack Strategy Chart For Instant Decision Making. That’s 4X better odds than 6 or 8 deck games. With a soft 18 (A,7), consult the chart. Here, the player uses all the information about the cards he has drawn in his hand. For the scope of this project, we only consider the dealer and a single other player. Download the FREE Blackjack cheat sheet and learn what to play better! Exercise this printable Blackjack PDF calculation to increase your chances. A version of basic strategy, which uses more information, has been named to a higher level. Using basic strategy can even make your chances of winning better. For example, normally you will hit a 12 against a 2. One always hits lower value hands and always stands on 18-20. You need to make sure you have the correct 6 deck strategy basic strategy chart as there are 4 different charts. com. Blackjack basic strategy reduces the house advantage from typically around 5 per cent to 0. Get it as soon as Wednesday, Aug 30. S - Stand. 15: House edge using total-dependent vs. 6 4. As you can see, the chart is divided into three sections, with a key to the actions to be taken at the bottom. Aces may be counted as 1 or 11 points, 2 to 9 according to pip value, and tens and face cards count as ten points. Today. Step 2. Although many rooky blackjack players prefer to follow their instincts and play cautiously due to the fear of going bust, using the basic strategy can significantly change their gambling experience. You can create a specific Basic Strategy Matrix for any Blackjack game at the Blackjack Basic Strategy Engine. In both cases, an A stands for ace. Aces may be counted as 1 or 11 points, 2 to 9 according to pip value, and tens and face cards count as ten points. 5 per cent, which is why blackjack is widely regarded as the most profitable game to play at casinos. Pick the row on the left that is a hard 14 and then move over to the right until you are under the matching dealer column, which is 10 in this case. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. Basic Strategy: The basic strategy is a set of guidelines that tell players what to do based on their hand and the dealer’s up-card. 49 16 New from $11. These are bad totals for you, so make sure you split. Dh - Double if possible, otherwise, hit. 15: House edge using total-dependent vs. Download a PDF file of the basic strategy decision chart for blackjack, developed for six decks, S17, DA2, DAS, no surrender. These are the most common table rules at real-world casinos. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. Excel for input and viewing results. Copy one from an online image search, and refer to it while playing. Blackjack strategy chart pdf | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. This newly redesigned pocket sized blackjack strategy reference card can be printed on any laser or inkjet pri. 24% if he shows a ten. Stream Read⚡ PDF Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 1 Deck, Dealer Hits Soft 17 by BrittanyWhitmore on desktop and mobile. Surrender. Double down if you have a hand of Ace + 5,6. As usual, a soft 22 is the same thing as a 12, so we can refer to the hard totals there. To use the basic strategy, look up your hand along the left vertical edge and the dealer's up card along the top. en Change Language. This strategy, however, must be used every time you play. Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 4/6/8 Decks, Dealer Stands on All 17s (2-sided card) Cards – October 1, 2008 by Kenneth R Smith (Author) 4. To use the basic strategy, look up your hand along the left vertical edge and the dealer's up card along the top. com. Blackjack Cheat Sheet PDF by Blackjackchamp. 5-5: Double if the dealer shows 2-9, Hit on aces and 10♠. You’ll see the chart is split into three sections - the first section tells you what action to take with the value of your first two cards (your “hard total”) vs. Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 1 Deck, Dealer Stands on All 17s Kenneth R Smith free pdf. Basic strategy blackjack | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. 2. There is definitely a benefit when blackjack players use basic strategy. 5%, making it possible for you to gain an edge by counting cards. PDF⋙ Blackjack Basic Strategy Chart: 4/6/8 Decks, Dealer Stands on All. . Casino Basic blackjack strategy with charts Should you ‘hit’ when dealt a hand of ‘17’? Do you know when to split, double down or surrender? Take your decision-making skills to. You can support us by visiting a trusted casino we promote. Having a hand value equal to 21 from the first two cards dealt to the player. Cards received down are typically referred to as hole". The application makes it possible to perform all needed document management manipulations, like adding, editing, and removing text,. 5% other much subject on the specials table rules and number of decks being used. The high-low counting system is used, with strategy numbers from -10 to +10. So if you plan to be at the blackjack table for a while and bet $5 a hand, you should have at least a $500 bankroll. Then look on the x-axis, or 'dealer card' to find their upcard value. Download our 6 deck blackjack strategy chart in pdf or image format and. Chances of the Dealer exceeding 21. There is definitely a benefit when blackjack players use basic strategy. Use the pdfFiller mobile app to complete your blackjack basic strategy chart pdf form on an Android device. 6 deck blackjack strategy | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. The problem that beginning Spanish 21 players run into is using a regular blackjack strategy chart on this game. 5. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have a blackjack has made the game. In both cases an A stands for ace. Using a basic strategy can even make your chances of winning better. The thrill of playing against the dealer and hoping to have a blackjack hasAdvanced blackjack strategy chart | Blackjack has always been one of the most popular casino games and it has a massive fan base all over the world. For specific tips, we present two charts depending on whether the dealer hits or stands on soft 17. Download a 6 Deck Blackjack Strategy Chart in PDF or JPG format and print it before playing online or at a land-based casino. So you have a chance at making a draw or just making a pair of Jacks or better when you draw. Double on soft 13-18 if dealer has 4, 5 or 6. Dealer stands on soft 17. 2 as a double, which is wrong. 24%, 3. The casino classic is a way of entertaining gambling enthusiasts both at brick-and-mortar and web-based casinos. Blackjack Cheat Sheet PDF – Click to download and print it. ($1. RTP -.